An Enemy Such as This: Larry Casuse and the Struggle for Native Liberation in One Family on Two Continents across Three Centuries by David Correia

Author:David Correia
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Haymarket Books

Mine-Mill was among the most radical and militant labor unions in the United States. Its locals in southern New Mexico were notorious for wildcat strikes and work stoppages that shut down production at mines and mills throughout the region. By the time Louis joined, Mine-Mill represented tens of thousands of mine workers organized into hundreds of local unions throughout the United States. Even during the height of the anti-communist witch hunts of the McCarthy era, many of its leaders and organizers were unapologetic communists and as a result were constantly targeted by red-baiting legislators and transnational mining companies. The 1947 Taft-Hartley Act required that union organizers and leaders sign anti-communist affidavits as a condition of legal union recognition. “The Taft-Hartley slave labor act” as Local 890 organizer Clint Jencks called it.49 Nearly every union official from local affiliates of the American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations signed the affidavits, but Mine-Mill leaders in Bayard and Santa Rita refused.50 The local National Labor Relations Board, four members of which were Kennecott board members, decertified Mine-Mill in 1948 because of it.51 Kennecott also retaliated, stonewalling the decertified Mine-Mill during 1948 contract negotiations. Two locals in nearby Hurley voted to strike in May in reprisal, but Kennecott still refused to negotiate. Communism constituted “a menace that presents a serious threat to our free way of life,” claimed Kennecott in July 1948. The company’s managers refused to negotiate a new contract with Mine-Mill until it pledged to “stamp out Communistic control.”52 Kennecott, emboldened by the NLRB ruling, fired union members in 1951 for distributing what it called “communist literature” and for what it considered the union’s “pro-Communist positions.”53 It docked the pay of one truck driver one hundred dollars a month when he joined the union after decertification.54 Even its own union federation opposed it. The Congress of Industrial Organizations expelled Mine-Mill in 1950.55

Mine-Mill union workers frequently walked off the job in wildcat strikes and organized work stoppages throughout the late 1940s and early 1950s, but most histories of Mine-Mill focus on only one action, Local 890’s dramatic 1951 strike against Empire Zinc in nearby Hanover, New Mexico. The 1954 film Salt of the Earth chronicled the strike. Rather than professional actors, the movie famously included mine workers and family members of mine workers among the cast. Jencks and Local 890 President Juan Chacon played themselves in the film. The film’s writer, director, and producer all had been among the Hollywood Ten, a group of artists blacklisted from filmmaking when they refused to answer questions before the US Congress on their relationship to, or membership in, the Communist Party. The film, which has come to occupy an exalted place among many union and social justice activists, placed Chicano mine workers and the militant role of women at the center of its story of union struggle. There’s no shortage of books or articles about the film and Mine-Mill. Most focus on the role of women in the union or the film,

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